On-chip inter-subsystem communication including concurrent data traffic routing

ABSTRACT

In an integrated circuit, a data traffic router includes a number of multiplexors and a controller, coupled to each other, and to subsystems of the IC. The subsystems selectively output to each other. The data traffic router selectively configures itself to provide paths for the outputs to reach their destinations, to facilitate concurrent communications between selected combinations of the subsystems.

RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/272,439, entitled “MULTI-SERVICE PROCESSOR INCLUDING A MULTI-SERVICE BUS”, filed Feb. 28, 2001, the specification of which is hereby fully incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of integrated circuit. More specifically, the present invention relates to inter-subsystem communication between subsystems on an integrated circuit device.

[0004] 2. Background Information

[0005] Advances in integrated circuit technology have led to the birth and proliferation of a wide variety of integrated circuits, including but not limited to application specific integrated circuits, micro-controllers, digital signal processors, general purpose microprocessors, and network processors. Recent advances have also led to the birth of what's known as “system on a chip” or SOC. Typically, a SOC includes multiple “tightly coupled” subsystems performing very different functions. These subsystems often have a need to communicate and cooperate with each other on a regular basis.

[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 6,122,690 discloses an on-chip bus architecture that is both processor independent and scalable. The ′690 patent discloses a bus that uses “standardized” bus interfaces to couple functional blocks to the on-chip bus. The “standardized” bus interfaces include embodiments for bus master functional blocks, slave functional blocks, or either. The ′690 bus suffers from at least one disadvantage in that it does not offer rich functionalities for prioritizing interactions or transactions between the subsystems, which are needed for a SOC with subsystems performing a wide range of very different functions.

[0007] Accordingly, a more flexible approach to facilitate inter-subsystem communication between subsystems on a chip is desired.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0008] The present invention will be described by way of exemplary embodiments, but not limitations, illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like references denote similar elements, and in which:

[0009]FIG. 1 illustrates an overview of a system on-chip including an on-chip bus and a number of subsystems coupled to the on-chip bus, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0010]FIG. 2 illustrates the method of the present invention, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0011]FIGS. 3a-3 b illustrate a request and a reply transaction between two subsystems, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0012]FIG. 4 illustrates data transfer unit of FIG. 1 in further detail, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0013]FIGS. 5a-5 b illustrate the operational states and the transition rules for the state machines of FIG. 4, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0014]FIGS. 6a-6 c are timing diagrams for practicing the present invention, in accordance with one implementation;

[0015]FIG. 7 illustrates another overview of a system on-chip further including a data traffic router, in accordance with an alternate embodiment;

[0016]FIG. 8 illustrates the data aspect of the data traffic router of FIG. 7 in further details, in accordance with one embodiment; and

[0017]FIG. 9 illustrates the control aspect of the data traffic router of FIG. 7 in further details, in accordance with one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The present invention includes interface units and operational methods for flexibly facilitating inter-subsystem communication between subsystems of a SOC. In the following description, various features and arrangements will be described, to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be practiced without some of the specific details or with alternate features/arrangement. In other instances, well-known features are omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the present invention.

[0019] The description to follow repeatedly uses the phrase “in one embodiment”, which ordinarily does not refer to the same embodiment, although it may. The terms “comprising”, “having”, “including” and the like, as used in the present application, including in the claims, are synonymous.

Overview

[0020] Referring now to FIG. 1, wherein a block diagram illustrating an overview of a SOC 100 with subsystems 102 a-102 d incorporated with the teachings of the present invention for inter-subsystem communication, in accordance with one embodiment, is shown. As illustrated, for the embodiment, SOC 100 includes on-chip bus 104 and subsystems 102 a-102 d coupled to each other through bus 104. Moreover, each of subsystems 102 a-102 d includes data transfer unit or interface (DTU) 108 a-108 d incorporated with teachings of the present invention, correspondingly coupling the subsystems 102 a-102 d to bus 104. SOC 100 also includes arbiter 106, which is also coupled to bus 104.

[0021] In one embodiment, bus 104 includes a number of sets of request lines (one set per subsystem), a number of sets of grant lines (one set per subsystem), and a number of shared control and data/address lines. Included among the shared control lines is a first control line for a subsystem granted access to the bus (grantee subsystem, also referred to as the master subsystem) to assert a control signal to denote the beginning of a transaction cycle, and to de-assert the control signal to denote the end of the transaction cycle; and a second control line for a subsystem addressed by the grantee/master subsystem (also referred to as the slave subsystem) to assert a control signal to inform the grantee/master subsystem that the addressee/slave subsystem is busy (also referred to as “re-trying” the master system).

[0022] As a result of the facilities advantageously provided by DTU 108 a-108 d, and the teachings incorporated in subsystem 102 a-102 d, subsystems 102 a-102 d are able to flexibly communicate and cooperate with each other, allowing subsystems 102 a-102 d to handle a wide range of different functions having different needs. More specifically, as will be described in more detail below, in one embodiment, subsystems 102 a-102 d communicate with each other via transactions conducted across bus 104. Subsystems 102 a-102 d, by virtue of the facilities advantageously provided by DTU 108 a-108 d, are able to locally prioritize the order in which its transactions are to be serviced by the corresponding DTU 108 a-108 d to arbitrate for access to bus 104. Further, in one embodiment, by virtue of the architecture of the transactions, subsystems 102 a-102 d are also able to flexibly control the priorities on which the corresponding DTU 108 a-108 d are to use to arbitrate for bus 104 with other contending transactions of other subsystems 102 a-102 d.

[0023] Arbiter 106 is employed to arbitrate access to bus 104. That is, arbiter 106 is employed to determine which of the contending transactions on whose behalf the DTU 108 a-108 d are requesting for access (through e.g. the request lines of the earlier described embodiment), are to be granted access to bus 104 (through e.g. the grant lines of the earlier described embodiment).

[0024] SOC 100 is intended to represent a broad range of SOC, including multi-service ASIC. In particular, in various embodiments, subsystems 102 a-102 d may be one or more of a memory controller, a security engine, a voice processor, a collection of peripheral device controllers, a framer processor, and a network media access controller. Moreover, by virtue of the advantageous employment of DTU 108 a-108 d to interface subsystems 102 a-102 d to on-chip bus 104, with DTU 108 a-108 d and on-chip bus operating on the same clock speed, the core logic of subsystems 102 a-102 d may operate in different clock speeds, including clock speeds that are different from the clock speed of non-chip bus 104 and DTU 108 a-108 d . In one embodiment, one or more subsystems 102 a-102 d may be a multi-function subsystems, in particular, with the functions identified by identifiers. Except for the teachings of the present invention incorporated into subsystems 102 a-102 d, the exact constitution and the exact manner their core logic operate in providing the functions/services the subsystems are immaterial to the present invention. While for ease of understanding, SOC 100 is illustrated as having only four subsystems 102 a-102 d, in practice, SOC 100 may have more or less subsystems. In particular, by virtue of the advantageous employment of DTU 108 a-108 d to interface subsystems 102 a-102 d to on-chip bus 104, zero or more selected ones of subsystems 102 a-102 d may be removed, while other subsystems 102 a-102 d may be flexibly added to SOC 100.

[0025] Similarly, arbiter 106 may be any one of a number of bus arbiters known in the art. The facilities of DTU 108 a-108 d and the teachings incorporated into the core logic of subsystems 102 a-102 d to practice the present invention will be described in turn below.

Method

[0026] Referring now to FIG. 2, wherein a flow chart illustrating a method of the present invention, in accordance with one embodiment, is shown. As illustrated, in accordance with the present invention, subsystems 102 a- 102 d initiate transactions with one another, using the facilities of their corresponding DTU 108 a-108 d to locally prioritize the order the transactions of the corresponding subsystems are to be serviced, for arbitration for access to bus 104, block 202.

[0027] Further, for the embodiment, for each transaction, each subsystem 102 a-102 d also includes as part of the transaction the bus arbitration priority the corresponding DTU 108 a-108 d is to use to arbitrate for access to bus 104, when servicing the transaction in the prioritized manner.

[0028] In response, DTU 108 a-108 d service the transactions of the respective subsystems 102 a-102 d accordingly, and arbitrating for access to bus 104, using the bus arbitration priorities included among the transactions. Arbiter 106 in turn grants accesses to bus 104 based on the bus arbitration priorities of the contending transactions, block 204.

[0029] In one embodiment, arbiter 106 grants access strictly by the transaction priorities, e.g. in a three priority implementation, all high priority transactions will be granted access first, before the medium priority transactions are granted access, and finally the low priority transactions are granted access. In another embodiment, arbiter 106 further employs certain non-starvation techniques, to ensure the medium and/or low priority transactions will also be granted access to bus 104. The non-starvation techniques may be any one of a number of such techniques known in the art.

[0030] Still referring to FIG. 2, once granted access to bus 104, the grantee DTU 108* places the grantee transaction on bus 104 (through e.g. the shared data/address lines of the earlier described embodiment). In one embodiment, the transaction includes address of the targeted subsystem 102*. In response, once placed onto bus 104, the addressee subsystem 102* claims the transaction, and acknowledges the transaction, or if the subsystem 102* is busy, instructs the requesting subsystem 102* to retry later, block 206. If acknowledgement is given and a reply is due (as in the case of a read request), the reply is later initiated as a reply transaction. In other words, for the embodiment, “read” transactions are accomplished in a “split” manner.

[0031] In the present application, for ease of designation, the trailing “*” of a reference number denotes one of the instances of reference. For example, 108* means either 108 a, 108 b, 108 c or 108 d.

EXEMPLARY TRANSACTION FORMATS

[0032]FIGS. 3a-3 b illustrate two exemplary transaction formats, a request format and a reply format, suitable for use to practice the present invention, in accordance with one embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 3a, exemplary request transaction 302 includes three parts, first header 301 a, second header 301 b, and optional data portion 312. First header 301 a includes in particular, a command or request code 304, which for the embodiment, includes the bus arbitration priority, and address 306 of the target subsystem 102*. The various subsystems 102 a-102 d of SOC 100 are assumed to be memory mapped. Arbitration is initiated by a DTU 108* requesting arbiter 106 for access (through e.g. the earlier described subsystem based request lines), including with the request the included bus arbitration priority in the command portion 304 of first header 301 a. Second header 301 b includes an identifier identifying a function of the originating subsystem 102*, allowing subsystem 102* to be a multi-function subsystem and be able to associate transactions with the various functions. Second header 301 b also includes size 310. For write transactions, size 310 denotes the size of the write data to follow (the “optional” data portion), in number of bytes. For read transactions, size 310 denotes the size of the data being accessed (i.e. read), also in number of bytes.

[0033] As illustrated in FIG. 3b, exemplary reply transaction 322 also includes three parts, first header 321 a, second header 321 b and data 332. First header 321 a includes in particular, a command or request code 324, which includes the bus arbitration priority, identifier 328 which identifies the subsystem and its function, and low order byte of targeted address 326 a of the replying subsystem 102*. As alluded earlier, data 332 includes the data being accessed/read by the original read request. Again, arbitration is initiated by a DTU 108* requesting arbiter 106 for access (through e.g. the earlier described subsystem based request lines), including with the request the included bus arbitration priority in the command portion 324 of first header 321 a. Second header 321 b includes the remaining high order bytes targeted address 326 a of the replying subsystem 102*. Accordingly, employment of these transaction formats enables a subsystem 102* to communicate with another subsystem 102* at any byte position, reducing the number of operations for unaligned data transfers.

[0034] In one embodiment, different commands are supported for “conventional” data versus control, and voice data. More specifically, for the embodiment, the commands supported are: Command Code Command Description 000 Reserved Reserved 001 DRead Data Read Request 010 CRead Control Read Request 011 VRead Voice Read Request 100 DWrite Data Write Request 101 CWrite Control Write Request 110 VWrite Voice Write Request 111 Reply Read Reply

Data Transfer Units

[0035]FIG. 4 illustrates DTU 108* in further details, in accordance with one embodiment. As illustrated, DTU 108* includes a number of pairs of outbound and inbound transaction queues 402* and 404*, one pair each for each priority level. For example, in one embodiment where DTU 108* supports three levels of priority, high, medium and low, DTU 108* includes three pairs of outbound and inbound transaction queues 402 a and 404 a, 402 b and 404 b, and 402 c and 404 c, one each for the high, medium and low priorities. In another embodiment, DTU 108* supports two levels of priority, high and low, DTU 108* includes two pairs of outbound and inbound transaction queues 402 a and 404 a, and 402 b and 404 b, one each for the high and low priorities. Of course, in other embodiments, DTU 108* may support more than three levels of priority or less than two levels of priority, i.e. no prioritization.

[0036] Additionally, DTU 108* includes outbound transaction queue service state machine 406 and inbound transaction queue service state machine 408, coupled to the transaction queues 402* and 404* as shown. Outbound transaction queue service state machine 406 services, i.e. processes, the transactions placed into the outbound queues 402* in order of the assigned priorities of the queues 402* and 404*, i.e. with the transactions queued in the highest priority queue being serviced first, then the transaction queued in the next highest priority queue next, and so forth.

[0037] For each of the transactions being serviced, outbound transaction queue service state machine 406 provides the control signals to the corresponding outbound queue 402* to output on the subsystem's request lines, the included bus arbitration priority of the first header of the “oldest” (in turns of time queued) transaction of the queue 402*, to arbitrate and compete for access to bus 104 with other contending transactions of other subsystems 102*. Upon being granted access to bus 104 (per the state of the subsystem's grant lines), for the embodiment, outbound transaction queue service state machine 406 provides the control signals to the queue 402* to output the remainder of the transaction, e.g. for the earlier described transaction format, the first header, the second header and optionally, the trailing data.

[0038] Similarly, inbound transaction queue service state machine 408 provides the control signals to the corresponding inbound queue 402* to claim a transaction on bus 104, if it is determined that the transaction is a new request transaction of the subsystem 102* or a reply transaction to an earlier request transaction of the subsystem 102*. Additionally, in one embodiment, if the claiming of a transaction changes the state of the queue 404* from empty to non-empty, inbound transaction queue service state machine 408 also asserts a “non-empty” signal for the core logic (not shown) of the subsystem 102*.

[0039] In due course, the core logic, in view of the “non-empty” signal, requests for the inbound transactions queued. In response, inbound transaction queue service state machine 408 provides the control signals to the highest priority non-empty inbound queue to cause the queue to output the “oldest” (in turns of time queued) transaction of the queue 404*. If all inbound queues 404* become empty after the output of the transaction, inbound transaction queue service state machine 408 de-asserts the “non-empty”) signal for the core logic of the subsystem 102*.

[0040] Thus, under the present invention, a core logic of a subsystem 102* is not only able to influence the order its transactions are being granted access to bus 104, relatively to transactions of other subsystems 102*, through specification of the bus arbitration priorities in the transactions′ headers, a core logic of a subsystem 102*, by selectively placing transactions into the various outbound queues 402* of its DTU 108*, may also utilize the facilities of DTU 108* to locally prioritize the order in which its transactions are to be serviced to arbitrate for access for bus 104.

[0041] Queue pair 402* and 404* may be implemented via any one of a number of “queue” circuitry known in the art. Similarly, state machines 406-408, to be described more fully below, may be implemented using any one of a number programmable or combinatory circuitry known in the art. In one embodiment, assignment of priorities to the queues pairs 402* and 404* are made by programming a configuration register (not shown) of DTU 108*. Likewise, such configuration register may be implemented in any one of a number of known techniques.

State Machines

[0042] Referring now to FIGS. 5s and 5 b wherein two state diagrams illustrating the operating states and transitional rules of state machines 406 and 408 respectively, in accordance with one embodiment, are shown. The embodiment assumes three pairs of queues 402 a and 404 a, 402 b and 404 b, and 402 c and 404 c, having three corresponding level of assign priorities, high, medium and low.

[0043] As illustrated in FIG. 5a, initially, for the embodiment, state machine 406 is in idle state 502. If state machine 406 detects that the high priority queue 402 a is non-empty, it transitions to first arbitrate state 504, and arbitrate for access to bus 104 for the “oldest” (in terms of time queued) transaction queued in the high priority queue 402 a. However, if while in idle state 502, state machine 406 detects that the high priority queue 420 a is empty and the medium priority queue 402 b is not empty, it transitions to second arbitrate state 508, and arbitrate for access to bus 104 for the “oldest” (in terms of time queued) transaction queued in the medium priority queue 402 b. Similarly, if while in idle state 502, state machine 406 detects that both the high and medium priority queues 402 a-402 b are empty, and the low priority queue 402 c is not empty, it transitions to third arbitrate state 512, and arbitrate for access to bus 104 for the “oldest” (in terms of time queued) transaction queued in the low priority queue 402 c. If none of these transition conditions are detected, state machine 406 remains in idle state 502.

[0044] Upon arbitrating for access to bus 104 for the “oldest” (in terms of time queued) transaction queued in the highest priority queue 402 a after entering first arbitrate state 504, state machine 406 remains in first arbitrate state 504 until the bus access request is granted. At such time, it transitions to first placement state 506, where it causes the granted transaction in the high priority queue 404 a to be placed onto bus 104.

[0045] From first placement state 506, state machine 406 returns to one of the three arbitrate states 504, 508 and 512 or idle state 502, depending on whether the high priority queue 402 a is empty, if yes, whether the medium priority queue 402 b is empty, and if yes, whether the low priority queue 402 c is also empty.

[0046] Similarly, upon arbitrating for access to bus 104 for the “oldest”) (in terms of time queued) transaction queued in the medium priority queue 402 b after entering second arbitrate state 508, state machine 406 remains in second arbitrate state 508 until the bus access request is granted. At such time, it transitions to second placement state 510, where it causes the granted transaction in medium priority queue 402b to be placed onto bus 104.

[0047] From second placement state 510, state machine 406 returns to one of the three arbitrate states 504, 508 and 512 or idle state 502, depending on whether the high priority queue 402 a is empty, if yes, whether the medium priority queue 402 b is empty, and if yes, whether the low priority queue 402 c is also empty.

[0048] Likewise, upon arbitrating for access to bus 104 for the “oldest”) (in terms of time queued) transaction queued in the low priority queue 402 c, state machine 406 remains in third arbitrate state 512 until the bus access request is granted. At such time, it transitions to third placement state 514, where it causes the granted transaction in low priority queue 402 b to be placed onto bus 104.

[0049] From third placement state 514, state machine 406 returns to one of the three arbitrate states 504, 508 and 512 or idle state 502, depending on whether the high priority queue 402 a is empty, if yes, whether the medium priority queue 402 b is empty, and if yes, whether the low priority queue 402 c is also empty.

[0050] As illustrated in FIG. 5b, initially, for the embodiment, state machine 408 is also in idle state 602. While at idle state 602, if no transaction on bus 104 is addressed to the subsystem 102* (or one of the functions of the subsystem 102*, in the case of a reply transaction), nor are there any pending request for data from the core logic of the subsystem 102*, state machine 408 remains in idle state 602.

[0051] However, if the presence of a transaction on bus 104 addressed to the subsystem 102* (or one of the functions of the subsystem 102*, in the case of a reply transaction) is detected, state machine 408 transitions to claim state 604, where it provides control signals to the appropriate queue 404* to claim the transaction, and acknowledges the transaction.

[0052] If claiming of the transaction changes the state of the queues from all empty to at least one queue not empty, state machine 408 transitions to the notify state 606, in which it asserts the “non-empty” signal for the core logic of subsystem 102*, as earlier described.

[0053] From notify state 606, state machine 408 transitions to either claim state 604 if there is another transaction on bus 104 addressed to the subsystem 102* (or a function of the subsystem 102*, in case of a reply), or output state 608, if there is a pending request for data from the core logic of the subsystem 102*. From output state 608, state machine 408 either transitions to claim state 604 another transaction on bus 104 addressed to the subsystem 102* (or a function of the subsystem 102*, in case of a reply) is detected, remains in output state 608 if there is no applicable transaction on bus 104, but request for data from the core logic is outstanding, or returns to idle state 602, if neither of those two conditions are true. Bus Signals, Timing and Rules In one embodiment, the bus signals supported are as follows: Signal Name Signal Width Description MSCLK 1 Bus Clock (e.g. 25-100 MHz) MSRST 1 System Bus Reset MSAD[31:0] 32  Address/Data (tri-state, bi-directional) MSCYC 1 Shared among subsystems to denote master bus cycles MSREQ-1:0] pair for each Bus request, 2 per subsystem to gain owner- subsystem ship of bus MSGNT # of Bus grant-signifies subsystem own the bus subsystems MSSEL 1 Slave select-signifies subsystem has been selected (tri-state) MSRDY 1 Master ready-signifies master data ready on the bus (tri-state) MSBSY 1 Slave Busy-signifies selected device is busy (tri-state) MSINT # of Interrupt request subsystems

[0054] In one embodiment, the request codes supported are as follows: Req[1:0] Request Type 00 Idle-no request 01 Low priority (“conventional” Data) 10 Medium priority (Control) 11 High priority (Voice and Replies)

[0055]FIGS. 6a-6 c are three timing diagrams illustrating the timings of the various signals of the above described embodiment, for burst write timing, write followed by read timing and read followed by write timing (different subsystems) respectively.

[0056] In one embodiment, the maximum burst transfer size is 64-bytes of data (+8 bytes for the transaction header). The subsystems guarantee the burst transfers to be within a page. The slave devices would accept the maximum sized transfer (64 bytes+header) before generating the above described MSSEL signal.

[0057] In one embodiment, each data transfer unit would permit only one Read request to be outstanding. If a Read request is pending, the subsystem would not accept requests from other masters until the reply to the outstanding Read request has been received. This advantageously prevents a deadlock condition. The subsystem may, however, continue to generate write requests.

[0058] In alternate embodiments, the present invention may be practiced with other approaches being employed to address these and other operational details.

Alternate Embodiment with Data Traffic Router

[0059] Referring now to FIG. 7, wherein another overview of SOC 100, including the employment of data traffic router 110, in accordance with another embodiment is shown. As will be described in more detail below, data traffic router 110 advantageously enables selected combinations of the attached subsystems, such as subsystem A 102 a, subsystem B 102 b, subsystem C 102 c, and the subsystem among subsystems D-G 102 d-102 g granted access to on-chip bus 104 to concurrently communicate with one another. For example, subsystem A 102 a may be communicating with subsystem B 102 b, while at the same time subsystem B 102 b may be communicating with subsystem C 102 c, subsystem C communicating with one of subsystem D-G 102 d-102 g having been granted access to on-chip bus 104, and so forth. Thus, data traffic router 110 is particularly useful for embodiments of SOC 100 where a subset of the subsystems 102 a-102 g has a relatively higher volume of communications with other subsystems. For example, in one embodiment of SOC 100 comprising a processor controlling the overall operation of SOC 100, an on-chip memory, and an external device controller having multiple external devices attached to them, these subsystems, i.e. the processor, the on-chip memory, and the external device controller all have relatively more communication needs than other subsystems 102* of SOC 100.

Data Traffic Router

[0060]FIG. 8 illustrates the data paths 110 a of data traffic router 110 in accordance with one embodiment. As illustrated, for the embodiment, multiplexor 802 a is coupled to subsystem B 102 b, subsystem C 102 c and at any instance in time, one of subsystems D-G 102 d-102 g, the current grantee subsystem of on-chip bus 104, to select and output one of the outputs of these subsystems for subsystem A 102 a. Similarly, multiplexor 802 b is coupled to subsystem A 102 a, subsystem C 102 c and at any instance in time, one of subsystems D-G 102 d-102 g , the current grantee subsystem of on-chip bus 104, to select and output one of the outputs of these subsystems for subsystem B 102 b. For the embodiment, multiplexor 802 b may also select the output of subsystem B 102 b and output it back for subsystem B 102 b, thereby enabling two external devices attached to subsystem B 102 b to communicate with one another.

[0061] In like manner, multiplexor 802 c is coupled to subsystem A 102 a, subsystem B 102 b, and at any instance in time, one of subsystems D-G 102 d-102 g, grantee subsystem of on-chip bus 104, to select and output one of the outputs of these subsystems for subsystem C 102 b, and multiplexor 802 d is coupled to subsystem A 102 a, subsystem B 102 b, and subsystem C 802 c to select and output one of the outputs of these subsystems for one of subsystem D-G 102 d-102 g, the current grantee subsystem of on-chip bus 104.

[0062] Thus, it can be seen by selectively configuring multiplexors 802 a-802 d, communications between a subset of selected combinations of subsystem A-G 102 a-102 g may be facilitated concurrently.

[0063]FIG. 9 illustrates the control aspect 110 b of data traffic router 110, in accordance with one embodiment. As illustrated, for the embodiment, the control aspect 110 b of data traffic router 110 includes configurator 902 and configuration states storage unit 904 coupled to one another. Further, configurator 902 is coupled to the various subsystems, i.e. subsystem A 102 a, subsystem B 102 b, subsystem C 102 c, and in any instance in time, one of subsystems D-G 102 d-102 g, the grantee subsystem of on-chip bus 104, and receiving the outputs of these subsystems. More specifically, for the embodiment, recall, upon granted access to on-chip bus 104, each of these subsystems outputs the header of a transaction, which includes an address of the addressee subsystem, denoting the destination of the output.

[0064] Thus, based at least on the headers of the transactions, configurator 902 is able to discern the desired destinations of the outputs of the various subsystems. In response, configurator 902 generates and provides control signals to multiplexors 802 a-802 d to configure multiplexors 802 a-802 d to correspondingly select the appropriate inputs of the multiplexors 802 a-802 d to provide the appropriate data paths for the data to reach the desired destinations, if configurator 902 is able to do so. That is, if the required multiplexors 802 a-802 d have not already been configured to provide data paths for other communications first.

[0065] Thus, configurator 902 generates and provides control signals to multiplexors 802 a-802 d to configure multiplexors 802 a-802 d based at least in part on the current configuration states of multiplexors 802a-802d. If a needed multiplexor is idle, and may be configured to provide the desired path. Configurator 902 generates and outputs the appropriate control signal for the multipelxor to configure the multiplexor to provide the appropriate path. Moreover, the new configuration state of the multiplexor is tracked and stored in configuration state storage unit 904 for use in subsequent configuration decisions. On the other hand, if the multiplexor is busy, that is it has already been configured to facilitate another communication, for the embodiment, configurator 902 notifies the subsystem accordingly. More specifically, for the embodiment, configurator 902 “retries” the subsystem, notifying the source subsystem that the destination subsystem is busy.

[0066] For the embodiment, as described earlier, upon granted access to on-chip bus 104, each subsystem drives a control signal denoting the beginning of a transaction, and at the end of the transaction, deasserts the control signal, denoting the end of the transaction. Thus, responsive to the deassertion of the control signal denoting the end of the transaction, configurator 902 returns the corresponding multiplexor to the idle state, making the multiplexor available to be configured in a next cycle to facilitate another communication.

Conclusion and Epilogue

[0067] Thus, it can be seen from the above descriptions, an improved method and apparatus for inter-subsystem communication between subsystems of a SOC has been described. The novel scheme includes a data traffic router that is particularly instrumental in facilitating concurrent communications between subsystems with high communication needs. While the present invention has been described in terms of the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to these embodiments. The present invention may be practiced with modification and alteration within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Thus, the description is to be regarded as illustrative instead of restrictive on the present invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A data traffic router for use in an integrated circuit (IC) to interface a plurality of subsystems of said IC, the data traffic router comprising: a first multiplexor coupled to a first, a second and a third subsystem of said IC to select and output for said third subsystem one of a first output of said first subsystem and a second output of said second subsystem; a second multiplexor coupled to said first, second and third subsystems of said IC to select and output for said second subsystem one of said first output of said first subsystem and a third output of said third subsystem; a third multiplexor coupled to said first second and third subsystems to select and output for said first subsystem one of said second output of said second subsystem and said third output of said third subsystem; and a controller coupled to said first, second, and third subsystems and said first, second and third multiplexors to allocate and control operation of said first, second and third multiplexors to facilitate concurrent communications between selected combinations of said first, second and third subsystems.
 2. The data traffic router of claim 1, wherein said controller comprises a routing resource configurator coupled to the first, second and third subsystems and said first, second and third multiplexors to configure said first, second and third multiplexors responsive to destinations of said first, second and third outputs to facilitate said first, second and third subsystems to selectively communicate with one another.
 3. The data traffic router of claim 2, wherein said controller further comprises a configuration state storage unit to store and track configuration states of said first, second and third multiplexors, and said routing resource configuration further configures said first, second and third multiplexors for use by said first, second and third subsystems to selectively communicate with one another, based at least on part on said configuration states tracked.
 4. The data traffic router of claim 3, wherein said routing resource configurator further notifies a source one of said first, second and third subsystems whenever it is unable to configure a corresponding one of said first, second and third multiplexors to provide a path for an output of said source one of said first, second and third subsystems to reach the output's destination.
 5. The data traffic router of claim 4, wherein said routing resource configurator is equipped to notify said source one of said first, second and third subsystems to retry at a later point in time.
 6. The data traffic router of claim 2, wherein said configurator further provides said first, second and third multiplexors with appropriate configuration signals to configure said first, second and third multiplexors.
 7. The data traffic router of claim 1, wherein said router further comprises a fourth multiplexor coupled to a fourth subsystem, and said first, second and third subsystems to select for said fourth subsystem one of said first output of said first subsystem, said second output of said second subsystem, and said third output of said third subsystem; each of said first, second and third multiplexors is further coupled to said fourth system and equipped to potentially select a fourth output of said fourth system in lieu of selecting one of said first and second outputs, one of said first and third outputs, and one of said second and third outputs respectively; and said controller is also coupled to said fourth subsystem and said fourth multiplexor to control operation of said fourth multiplexor, in addition to said control of said first, second and third multiplexors, to facilitate concurrent communication between selected combinations of said first, second, third and fourth subsystems.
 8. The data traffic router of claim 1, wherein said third multiplexor is coupled to said first subsystem via an on-chip bus, and said first subsystem is a grantee subsystem of a fourth plurality of subsystems attached to said on-chip bus.
 9. The data traffic router of claim 8, wherein each of said fourth plurality of subsystems is a selected one of a security engine, a voice processor, a collection of peripheral device controllers, a framer processor, and a network media access controller.
 10. The data traffic router of claim 1, wherein said first multiplexor is also coupled to receive the third output of said third subsystem to potentially select for itself said third output of said third subsystem in lieu of selecting one of said first and second outputs of said first and second subsystems, to facilitate a first and a second device attached to said third subsystem in communicating with one another.
 11. The data traffic router of claim 10, wherein said third subsystem is an external device controller.
 12. The data traffic router of claim 1, wherein said second subsystem is a selected ones of a processor and a memory controller.
 13. In a data traffic router of an integrated circuit (IC), a method of operation comprising: detecting a first output from a first subsystem of the IC destined for a selected one of a second and a third subsystem of the IC, requiring at least the use of a corresponding selected one of a first and a second multiplexor of the data traffic router, the first multiplexor selecting for said second subsystem one of at least said first output of said first subsystem and a second output of said third subsystem, and the second multiplexor selecting for said third subsystem one of at least said first output of said first subsystem and a third output of said second subsystem; and configuring the corresponding selected one of said first and second multiplexors to provide a path for said first output of said first subsystem to reach the destined one of said second and third subsystems, if the corresponding selected one of said first and second multiplexors is available to be so configured.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises determining if the corresponding selected one of said first and second multiplexors is available to be so configured.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises tracking the configuration state of the corresponding selected one of said first and second multiplexors, upon configuring the corresponding selected one of said first and second multiplexors.
 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises notifying said first subsystem if the data traffic router is unable to configure the corresponding selected one of said first and second multiplexors to provide a path for said first output of said first subsystem to reach the destined one of said second and third subsystems.
 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises detecting concurrently a second output of said second subsystem destine for a selected one of said first and said third subsystem, requiring at least the use of a corresponding selected one of a third and said second multiplexor of the data traffic router, the third multiplexor selecting for said first subsystem one of at least said third output of said second subsystem and said second output of said third subsystem; concurrently configuring the corresponding selected one of said third and second multiplexors to provide a path for said second output of said second subsystem to reach the destined one of said first and third subsystems, if the corresponding selected one of said third and second multiplexors is available to be so configured.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein both of said first and second outputs of said first and second subsystems are destined for said third subsystem, and said configuring of said second multiplexor is further based on relative priorities of said first and second outputs.
 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises detecting concurrently a third output from said third subsystem to communicate with a selected one of said first and said second subsystem, requiring at least the use of a corresponding selected one of said third and first multiplexor of the data traffic router; concurrently configuring the corresponding selected one of said third and first multiplexors to provide a path for said third output of said third subsystem to reach the destined one of said first and second subsystems, if the corresponding selected one of said third and first multiplexors is available to be so configured.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein two of said first, second and third outputs from said first, second and third subsystems are destined for the same target subsystem, and said configuring of the multiplexor being contended is further based on relative priorities of the two outputs.
 21. An integrated circuit comprising: a first subsystem; a second subsystem; a third subsystem; a data traffic router coupled to the first, second and third subsystems to facilitate concurrent communications between selected combinations of said first, second and third subsystems, said data traffic router including a plurality of multiplexors coupled to said first, second and third subsystems to select for said subsystems respectively one each, outputs of the other subsystems, and a controller coupled to said first, second and third subsystems, and said multiplexors to selectively configure said multiplexors to facilitate said concurrent communication between said selected combinations of said first, second and third subsystems.
 22. The integrated circuit of claim 21, wherein said multiplexors of said data traffic router comprises a first multiplexor coupled to said subsystems to select and output for said third subsystem one of a first output of said first subsystem and a second output of said second subsystem; a second multiplexor coupled to said subsystems to select and output for said second subsystem one of said first output of said first subsystem and a third output of said third subsystem; and a third multiplexor coupled to said subsystems to select and output for said first subsystem one of said second output of said second subsystem and said third output of said third subsystem.
 23. The integrated circuit of claim 22 wherein said first multiplexor is also coupled to receive the third output of said third subsystem to potentially select for itself said third output of said third subsystem in lieu of selecting one of said first and second outputs of said first and second subsystems, to facilitate a first and a second device attached to said third subsystem in communicating with one another.
 24. The integrated circuit of claim 23, wherein said third subsystem is an external device controller.
 25. The integrated circuit of claim 22, wherein the integrated circuit further comprises a fourth subsystem; said multiplexors of said data traffic router further comprises a fourth multiplexor coupled to a fourth subsystem, and said first, second and third subsystems to select for said fourth subsystem one of said first output of said first subsystem, said second output of said second subsystem, and said third output of said third subsystem; and each of said first, second and third multiplexors is further coupled to said fourth system and equipped to potentially select a fourth output of said fourth system in lieu of selecting one of said first and second outputs, one of said first and third outputs, and one of said second and third outputs respectively.
 26. The integrated circuit of claim 21, wherein said controller of said data traffic router comprises a routing resource configurator coupled to the first, second and third subsystems and said multiplexors to configure said multiplexors responsive to destinations of outputs of said subsystems to facilitate said first, second and third subsystems to selectively communicate with one another.
 27. The integrated circuit of claim 26, wherein said controller of said data traffic router further comprises a configuration state storage unit to store and track configuration states of said multiplexors, and said routing resource configuration further configures said multiplexors for use by said first, second and third subsystems to selectively communicate with one another, based at least on part on said configuration states tracked.
 28. The integrated circuit of claim 27, wherein said routing resource configurator of said data traffic router further notifies a source one of said first, second and third subsystems whenever it is unable to configure a corresponding one of said multiplexors to provide a path for an output of said source one of said first, second and third subsystems to reach the output's destination.
 29. The integrated circuit of claim 28, wherein said routing resource configurator of said data traffic router is equipped to notify said source one of said first, second and third subsystems to retry at a later point in time.
 30. The integrated circuit of claim 26, wherein said configurator of said data traffic router is further equipped to provide said multiplexors with appropriate configuration signals to configure said multiplexors.
 31. The integrated circuit of claim 21, wherein said integrated circuit further comprises a fourth plurality of subsystems, including said first subsystem, and an on-chip bus coupling said fourth plurality of subsystems, including first subsystem, to one of said multiplexors.
 32. The integrated circuit of claim 31, wherein each of said fourth plurality of subsystems is a selected one of a security engine, a voice processor, a collection of peripheral device controllers, a framer processor, and a network media access controller.
 33. The integrated circuit of claim 21, wherein said second subsystem is a selected ones of a processor and a memory controller.
 34. In an integrated circuit (IC), a method of operation comprising: a first subsystem of the IC outputting a first output for a selected one of a second and a third subsystem of the IC; the second subsystem outputting a second output for a selected of said first and third subsystem; the third subsystem outputting a third output for a selected of said first and second subsystems; and a data traffic router selectively configuring itself to provide paths for all or a subset of said first, second and third outputs to concurrently reach the outputs′ destinations.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein said selective configuring by said data traffic router comprises said data traffic router selectively configuring a first multiplexor of said data traffic router, coupled to said subsystems, to select and output for said third subsystem one of said first output of said first subsystem and said second output of said second subsystem; said data traffic router selectively configuring a second multiplexor of said data traffic router, coupled to said subsystems, to select and output for said second subsystem one of said first output of said first subsystem and said third output of said third subsystem; and said data traffic router selectively configuring a third multiplexor of said data traffic router, coupled to said subsystems, to select and output for said first subsystem one of said second output of said second subsystem and said third output of said third subsystem.
 36. The method of claim 35 wherein said selective configuring further comprises said data traffic router selectively configuring said first multiplexor to select and output for said third subsystem, said third output of said third subsystem in lieu of selecting one of said first and second outputs of said first and second subsystems, to facilitate a first and a second device attached to said third subsystem in communicating with one another, said first multiplexor being also coupled to receive the third output of said third subsystem.
 37. The method of claim 35, wherein said first, second and third outputting of said first, second and third subsystems are also selectively output for a fourth subsystem at time; the method further comprises the fourth subsystem selectively outputting a fourth output for one of said first, second and third subsystem; and said data traffic router also selectively configure itself to provide a path for said fourth output to reach its destination.
 38. The method of claim 34, wherein said selective configuring by said data traffic router comprises selectively configuring multiplexors of said data traffic router responsive to destinations of outputs of said subsystems.
 39. The method of claim 38, wherein said selective configuring by said data traffic router further comprises said data traffic router storing and tracking configuration states of a plurality of multiplexors, and said data traffic router selectively configuring itself, based at least on part on said configuration states tracked.
 40. The method of claim 39, wherein said selective configuring by said data traffic router further comprises said data traffic router notifying a source one of said first, second and third subsystems whenever it is unable to configure itself to provide a path for an output of said source one of said first, second and third subsystems to reach the output's destination.
 41. The method of claim 40, wherein said data traffic router performing said notification by notifying said source one of said first, second and third subsystems to retry at a later point in time.
 42. The method of claim 38, wherein said selective configuring by said data traffic router further comprises said data traffic router providing multiplexors of said data traffic router with appropriate configuration signals to configure said multiplexors. 